Recent research topics include: Workplace bullying in the voluntary sector: an application of routine activity theory; approaches to the control of corruption in the public procurement system in Kenya: an institutional analysis; the efficacy of instructional methodology in basic police training and education; police culture in Malta; policing with globalisation and post-modernisation; police detention and rights of suspects: a study of the police and criminal evidence act, 1984 and Turkish Criminal Procedure Act; the effect of organisational values on employee theft; towards an understanding of organisational security: a qualitative study of senior management in 2 commercial organisations; community penalties: a toothless tiger in the fight against recidivism? hearing offenders' voices.